RSA是一种非对称加密算法,它使用一对密钥来进行加密和解密操作,这对密钥包括公钥和私钥,公钥是用于加密的密钥,私钥是用于解密的密钥,本文介绍了PHP三种方式读取RSA密钥加解密、签名验签完整教程,需要的朋友可以参考下
目录
第一步、生成公私钥第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥第1种：公私钥弄成一行，必须一行没有空格和换行第2种：直接复制生成公私钥第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀第三步、RSA加解密第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名第五步、封装完整代码第一步、生成公私钥
在线生成公钥私钥对，RSA公私钥生成-ME2在线工具
密钥长度：
RSA 密钥通常有不同的长度，通常以位数来表示，如 1024 位、2048 位等。一般来说，密钥长度越长，加密强度越高，但同时也会增加加密和解密的计算复杂度。一般推荐使用 2048 位或更长的 RSA 密钥来确保较高的安全性。密钥格式：
OpenSSL 中的私钥通常采用 PEM 格式（Privacy-Enhanced Mail，即隐私增强邮件）存储。PEM 格式的密钥是经过 Base64 编码的文本字符串，通常以-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----开头，以-----END PRIVATE KEY-----结尾。另外，私钥也可以存储在 PKCS#12 格式的证书文件中，通常以.p12或.pfx结尾。这些文件通常包含私钥、公钥和证书链等信息。
第二步、三种方式读取RSA密钥
第1种：公私钥弄成一行，必须一行没有空格和换行
$publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';$privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';
转化能使用的密钥资源
如果私钥不是资源类型，则将私钥进行处理，将其转换为 PEM 格式。这里使用chunk_split 函数将私钥按照每行64个字符的长度进行分割，并在适当的位置插入换行符 \n。在拼接完整的 PEM 格式私钥之后，再使用 openssl_pkey_get_private 函数将 PEM 格式的私钥转换为 OpenSSL 的私钥资源$pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n");$pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem. "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n"; $pem2 = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n");$pem2 = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem2 . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n";
第2种：直接复制生成公私钥
$publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oItBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3xQ4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH+QIDAQAB-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"; $privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";
openssl_pkey_get_public和openssl_pkey_get_private是PHP OpenSSL扩展提供的两个函数。
openssl_pkey_get_public函数用于获取公钥，它可以从一个证书文件或PEM格式的公钥字符串中提取公钥信息，并返回一个公钥资源
$publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);$privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);
第3种;复制密钥存储为.pem文件后缀
$publicKeyString = file_get_contents('public.pem');$privateKeyString = file_get_contents('private.pem'); $publicKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKeyString);$privateKeyResource = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString);第三步、RSA加解密
RSA加密
公钥加密openssl_public_encrypt=> 私钥解密openssl_private_decrypt
私钥加密openssl_private_encrypt=> 公钥解密openssl_public_decrypt
1. 公钥加密、私钥解密：
- 使用公钥加密数据：发送方使用接收方的公钥对数据进行加密。
- 使用私钥解密数据：只有拥有相应私钥的接收方才能使用私钥解密并获取原始数据。
2. 私钥加密、公钥解密：
- 使用私钥加密数据：发送方使用自己的私钥对数据进行加密。
- 使用公钥解密数据：接收方使用发送方的公钥来解密并获取原始数据。
<?php // 待加密的数据$data = "Hello, RSA!"; // 使用公钥加密数据openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey); // 使用私钥解密数据openssl_private_decrypt($encryptedWithPublicKey, $decryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey); // 使用私钥加密数据openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encryptedWithPrivateKey, $privateKey); // 使用公钥解密数据openssl_public_decrypt($encryptedWithPrivateKey, $decryptedWithPublicKey, $publicKey); // 输出结果echo "原始数据: " . $data . "\n";echo "公钥加密，私钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPrivateKey . "\n";echo "私钥加密，公钥解密结果: " . $decryptedWithPublicKey . "\n";?>
第四步、RSA签名以及验证签名
/** * 构造签名 * @param string $dataString 被签名数据 * @return string */ public function sign($dataString) { $signature = false; openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $privKey); return base64_encode($signature); } /** * 验证签名 * @param string $dataString 被签名数据 * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串 * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误 */ public function verify($dataString, $signString) { $signature = base64_decode($signString); $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $PubKey); return $flg; }第五步、封装完整代码
<?phpclass RSA{ protected $publicKey; protected $privateKey; //$type 1长类型 2完整key 3文件内完整key public function __construct($publicKey = '', $privateKey = '', $type=1){ $this->setKey($publicKey, $privateKey, $type); } public function setKey($publicKey = null, $privateKey = null, $type=1) { if (!is_null($publicKey)) { $this->setupPubKey($publicKey, $type); } if (!is_null($privateKey)) { $this->setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type); } } private function setupPrivKey($privateKey, $type) { if (is_resource($this->privateKey)) { return true; } if ($type == 1) { $pem = chunk_split($privateKey, 64, "\n"); $pem = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n"; $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($pem); } elseif ($type == 2) { $this->privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKey); } elseif ($type == 3) { $privateKeyString = file_get_contents($privateKey); $this->privateKey= openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKeyString); } return true; } private function setupPubKey($publicKey, $type=1) { if (is_resource($this->publicKey)) { return true; } if ($type == 1) { $pem = chunk_split($publicKey, 64, "\n"); $pem = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n" . $pem . "-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n"; $this->publicKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($pem); } elseif ($type == 2) { $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKey); } elseif ($type == 3) { $pubString = file_get_contents($publicKey); $this->publicKey= openssl_pkey_get_public($pubString); } return true; } public function privEncrypt($data) { if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->privateKey)) { return null; } $r = openssl_private_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->privateKey); if ($r === true) { return base64_encode($encrypted); } return null; } public function privDecrypt($encrypted) { if (!is_string($encrypted) || empty($this->privateKey)) { return null; } $encrypted = base64_decode($encrypted); $r = openssl_private_decrypt($encrypted, $decrypted, $this->privateKey); if ($r === true) { return $decrypted; } return null; } public function pubEncrypt($data) { if (!is_string($data) || empty($this->publicKey)) { return null; } $r = openssl_public_encrypt($data, $encrypted, $this->publicKey); if ($r === true) { return base64_encode($encrypted); } return null; } public function pubDecrypt($crypted) { if (!is_string($crypted) || empty($this->publicKey)) { return null; } $crypted = base64_decode($crypted); $r = openssl_public_decrypt($crypted, $decrypted, $this->publicKey); if ($r === true) { return $decrypted; } return null; } /** * 构造签名 * @param string $dataString 被签名数据 * @return string */ public function sign($dataString) { $signature = false; openssl_sign($dataString, $signature, $this->privateKey); return base64_encode($signature); } /** * 验证签名 * @param string $dataString 被签名数据 * @param string $signString 已经签名的字符串 * @return number 1签名正确 0签名错误 */ public function verify($dataString, $signString) { $signature = base64_decode($signString); $flg = openssl_verify($dataString, $signature, $this->publicKey); return $flg; } public function __destruct() { is_resource($this->privateKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->privateKey); is_resource($this->publicKey) && @openssl_free_key($this->publicKey); }}/*$publicKey = 'MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAKZ1mKTymRoGKnHiP1xAy4aiyt5r0BscCZnDAonCrMFZ4kBGriPNHxEaLr5lfBnMKw7k6i+2dsFPSEZooTvqtPUCAwEAAQ==';$privateKey = 'MIIBVAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAT4wggE6AgEAAkEApnWYpPKZGgYqceI/XEDLhqLK3mvQGxwJmcMCicKswVniQEauI80fERouvmV8GcwrDuTqL7Z2wU9IRmihO+q09QIDAQABAkBunx3nGHXYjppsfn++7iyTd+I7+Agfy/0xWyB3rpEiGGgfemjcRFaeq5SC2vUNXsrEOY5gbUSQmFxH//Cym18NAiEA1z1cZx/Q9cbIjFPwp1a+K5CVFDXDcfbi/AQgAkVs0/cCIQDF+2fr23AoBslcOC4S0yAx94AbgxCntYuRqztxybsrcwIgMW86ZcT87TX2oaQ1xXk6vC68zqN6fBZEE7Wu1Fa1pAkCIElmOJP3qfAc/AAlj+dIwLHlqWgJwl3674CU9Bfui2bDAiEA0CKJpF8x7KANCcopEQC93PsbIztuML322LOfDV1Lw/k=';$rsa = new RSA($publicKey, $privateKey, 1);*/$publicKeyString = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAp1ffL+kUEedBLTzQrKU+8oq9IZSUroxhmnWrXa1XMGtlbeVCHQNljujqwGuLELyk7i78cGczwCyGE2SVj9oItBzGn02fWZNCb3bHPv6ofliTvqYcZOFaFTWB+tTKuOmopCk/bgQVe7HC6+74s/3xQ4tM1jVbNPYSY11++DLjEQ8KaA3pNJwoFTxER3GVEgmfhi5xUTTaBa5ZOIaNfsFr0fGzvGbmRpqoIor6MlSxXbMO4k2pMzB7YJYYr7zRC28DoeJCj5XnXkq4XPIJzo8/g79163dp0y9m7cDn4NfRDdBsFeHy6n+hKps6hSVf1z1ZtQtlfk0mRE/EchubDcuH+QIDAQAB-----END PUBLIC KEY-----"; $privateKeyString = "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----";//$rsa = new RSA($publicKeyString, $privateKeyString, 2);$rsa = new RSA("public.pem", "private.pem", 3);echo "私钥加密 公钥解密";echo "<br/>";$s = $rsa->privEncrypt("abc");echo $rsa->pubDecrypt($s);echo "<br/>";echo "公钥加密，私钥解密";echo "<br/>";$d = $rsa->pubEncrypt("dfg");echo $rsa->privDecrypt($d);echo "<br/>";echo "签名";echo "<br/>";$str="a=1&b=2";$sign=$rsa->sign($str);echo $sign;$res6=$rsa->verify($str,$sign);echo "<br/>";echo "验证签结果:".$res6; 
